Introduction to Ports & Protocols

Ports

A port is logical access channel between two devices which helps in their communication. A port is used to transfer the data.

There are total 65535 ports.

Well Known Ports : 0 to 1023

Registered Ports : 1024 to 49151

Dynamic/Private Ports : 49152 to 65535

Some of the Useful ports are:

Ports Name/Number

Protocols

Protocol is simple a set of ruler which defines a standard way for exchanging information over a network.

Most commonly used protocol are:

1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

TCP is one of core part of IPS(internet protocol suite). Other one component is IP. TCP stands for Transmission control protocol. TCP provides the facility to exchange the information or data directly two hosts. Many major internet application like e-mail, file transfer etc. rely upon TCP. This protocol contain variety of flags like SYN, ACK, RST, FIN etc.

2. Internet Protocol (IP):

Internet Protocol is other core part of IPS. IP is the main communication protocol with is used for exchanging packets over inter-network using IPS. IP is used to deliver packets from source to destination.

Internet protocol is responsible for establishment of internet.

3. User Datagram Protocol (UDP):

User datagram protocol (UDP) does not contain any flag. UDP allows computer application to send messages over internet protocol (IP). In UDP, data or message are considered as DATAGRAM. UDP was designed by David P. Reed in 1980.

In UDP, simple transmission model is used which result into unreliability, duplication and missing of the information without notice.

Data on the internet is generally organized into standard TCP or UDP packets. A packet is  bunch of information.

Different services use different ports to exchange the information

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